{"id":3044,"date":"2026-01-09T09:48:06","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T08:48:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www-preprod.cnrs-imn.fr\/plasmas-and-thin-films\/"},"modified":"2026-04-03T17:15:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T15:15:37","slug":"plasmas-and-thin-films","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/teams\/plasmas-and-thin-films\/","title":{"rendered":"Plasmas and Thin Films"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.56%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.56%;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.56%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.56%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Plasmas and Thin Films <span class=\"titlesecond\">(PCM)<\/span><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>The <strong>Plasmas and Thin Films<\/strong> team conducts research into the development of cold plasma processes for the deposition and etching of thin-film materials. Our research also includes physico-chemical processes other than plasmas alone, such as plasma solution injection and chemical dealloying. At the heart of the team&#8217;s activities are the detailed study of plasma\/surface interaction mechanisms, the development of new plasma processes, the implementation of multi-scale numerical modeling in support of experimental activity, and the characterization of a material with a view to a given property. The team&#8217;s research strategy is therefore based on an iterative approach to these four pillars, enabling optimization of the synthesis or processing of a material with targeted properties.   <\/p>\n<p>The research projects developed by the <strong>PCM<\/strong> team have applications in several technological sectors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>microelectronics,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>micro- and nano-technology,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>optoelectronics,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>photocatalysis,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>sensors,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>energy conversion and storage,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>coatings and surface treatments.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Activities are structured around four research themes: etching, thin-film deposition, nano-object and nanocomposite synthesis, supported by a cross-cutting modeling theme.<\/p>\n<p>The team collaborates with external partners who have the technological means for microfabrication to integrate materials into a device.<\/p>\n<\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/category\/pcm\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Team news<\/span><i class=\"fa-long-arrow-alt-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-stretch fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:5%;--awb-padding-right:7%;--awb-padding-bottom:3%;--awb-padding-left:7%;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-image:linear-gradient(180deg, var(--awb-custom_color_1) 0%,var(--awb-color6) 100%);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.56%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.56%;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.56%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.56%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-stretch fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.56%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.56%;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.56%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.56%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-font-size:25px;--awb-line-height:1.2;--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-text-font-family:&quot;Libre Franklin&quot;;--awb-text-font-style:italic;--awb-text-font-weight:700;\"><p>Discover all PCM publications on the <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/PCM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HAL<\/a> national archive.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:7.68%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:7.68%;--awb-width-medium:25%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:7.68%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:7.68%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"sm-text-align-left\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/PCM\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">I consult<\/span><i class=\"fa-long-arrow-alt-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-padding-bottom:40px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-stretch fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-racteur-plasma.jpg&#039;);--awb-bg-position:center center;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column fusion-empty-column-bg-image fusion-column-has-bg-image\" data-bg-url=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-racteur-plasma.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fusion-empty-dims-img-placeholder fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility\" aria-label=\"PCM-racteur-plasma\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271200%27%20height%3D%27800%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201200%20800%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271200%27%20height%3D%27800%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:10%;--awb-padding-right:10%;--awb-padding-bottom:10%;--awb-padding-left:10%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-custom_color_2);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-custom_color_2);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Low-pressure plasma etching and deposition reactors used by the team<\/p><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><strong>Reactive sputtering (PVD)<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8211; 4 magnetron sputtering reactors powered by DC, RF, IPVD or HiPIMS<br \/>\n&#8211; 1 cluster with airlock and 2 chambers: 1 PECVD\/PVD (ICP + 3 cathodes) and 1 PVD chamber 4 cathodes (3&#8221;) + heated RF polarizable substrate (max 800\u00b0C)<br \/>\n&#8211; 1 reactor with airlock and 3 4&#8221; magnetron cathodes (La Chantrerie site, Polytech)<br \/>\n&#8211; 2 shared semi-automated sputtering reactors IMN<\/p>\n<p><strong>PECVD<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8211; 1 ICP reactor for plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), with 3 organometallic injection lines and 1 liquid solution injection system (DLI)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gravure<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8211; 2 chlorinated, fluorinated, hydrocarbonated ICP reactors, organic precursors (Alcatel, Nextral)<br \/>\n&#8211; Optimist platform, sample holder -180\u00b0\/+1100\u00b0C<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Main themes<\/p><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/teams\/plasmas-and-thin-films\/plasma-etching-processes\/\"><strong>1. Plasma etching processes<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/teams\/plasmas-and-thin-films\/thin-films\/\"><strong>2. Thin films<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/teams\/plasmas-and-thin-films\/nano-objects-and-nano-composites\/\"><strong>3. Nano-objects and nanocomposites<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/teams\/plasmas-and-thin-films\/pcm-modeling\/\"><strong>4. PCM modelling<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Cross-team themes<\/p><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/teams\/cross-team-modeling\/\"><strong>&#8211; Modelling<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/teams\/hybrid-materials\/\"><strong>&#8211; Hybrid materials<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Areas of expertise and tools<\/p><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p>&#8211; Cold plasma processes for thin-film and nanocomposite deposition and plasma etching<br \/>\n&#8211; Processes coupling plasma and solution chemistry during and post-plasma<br \/>\n&#8211; Multi-scale modeling of plasma processes<br \/>\n&#8211; Cold plasma diagnostics (OES, optical emission spectrometry, mass spectrometry, electrostatic probes, in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry)<br \/>\n&#8211; Characterization of thin films, in particular : X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background fusion-parallax-none hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-background-image:url(&quot;https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/transition-PCM.jpg&quot;);--awb-background-size:cover;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:300px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-stretch fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_2_5 2_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:40%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.8%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.8%;--awb-width-medium:40%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:4.8%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:4.8%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-stretch fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-2 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:5%;--awb-padding-right:5%;--awb-padding-bottom:5%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-image:linear-gradient(180deg, var(--awb-custom_color_1) 0%,var(--awb-color6) 100%);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Ongoing research projects (ANR, PEPR, Europe&#8230;)<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);\"><p>8 ANR, 1 PEPR, 1 CHIPS, 1 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Individual Fellow project, 1 MITI DauMiNEau project, 1 CIFRE project, 1 industrial project, 1 Junior Talent Nantes Universit\u00e9 I-Site NExT, 1 LoPALETiN project, 1 Emergence@CNRS OPERA project, 1 CNRS OrCAP prematuration project, 1 SATT Elec3d maturation project<\/p>\n<\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-3 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/projects-collaborations\/academic-projects\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Projects<\/span><i class=\"fa-long-arrow-alt-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-3 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:5%;--awb-padding-right:5%;--awb-padding-bottom:5%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-border-top:5px;--awb-border-right:5px;--awb-border-bottom:5px;--awb-border-left:5px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Teaching<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p>In addition to their research activities, IMN&#8217;s teacher-researchers are heavily involved in educational missions, teaching courses in various bachelor&#8217;s, master&#8217;s and doctoral programs. They are also responsible for teaching in several Nantes University courses.<\/p>\n<\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-4 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/training\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Training<\/span><i class=\"fa-long-arrow-alt-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:5%;--awb-padding-right:5%;--awb-padding-bottom:5%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-custom_color_2);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-custom_color_2);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.2%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.2%;--awb-width-medium:60%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.2%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.2%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Academic and industrial collaborations<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p>LAPLACE Toulouse (PCM), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Toulouse (PCM), CEA LETI \/ SPAT \/ LGRA Grenoble (PCM), CEA LETI\/DOPT Grenoble (PCM), CEA LIST Saclay (PCM), CEISAM (PCM, MIOPS), LPGP Saclay (PCM), GREMI Orl\u00e9ans (PCM), IEMN Lille (PMN, ST2E, PCM), Institut de Chimie et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s pour l&#8217;Energie, l&#8217;Environnement et la Sant\u00e9, (ICPEES) (PCM), Institut de Chimie de Clermont Ferrand (PCM), Institut Pascal Clermont- Ferrand (PCM), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l&#8217;environnement de LYON (IRCELYON) (PCM, MIOPS), IFPEN Solaize (PCM), PROMES Perpignan (PCM), Conditions Extr\u00eames et Mat\u00e9riaux : Haute Temp\u00e9rature et Irradiation (CEMHTI) Orl\u00e9ans, Institut Jean Lamour IJL Nancy, J. Coleman, Trinitry College Dublin (Ireland), Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, (Germany), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) (Germany), Leiden Institute of Chemistry (Netherlands), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, (Greece), LIST, Belvaux, (Luxembourg), Groupe PHARE, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed 6 Polytechnic UM6P Maroc, Institut N\u00e9\u00e9l (PCM), Japanese-French lAboratory for Semiconductor physics and Technology-JFAST (IRL CNRS, Japan).<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-9 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Involvement in learned societies and scientific communities<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><p>IRN Nanomat\u00e9riaux Multifonctionnels Contr\u00f4l\u00e9s (France-Qu\u00e9bec), R\u00e9seau des Plasmas Froids, GDR EMILI, GDR OXYFUN, GDR RAFALD, GDR CarMANano, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Recherche de Spectroscopie de Photo\u00e9mission, SFV, SCF.<\/p>\n<p>The team is developing numerous industrial collaborations.<\/p>\n<\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-5 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/projects-collaborations\/\"><i class=\"fa-long-arrow-alt-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read more<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:40px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"awb-gallery-wrapper awb-gallery-wrapper-1 button-span-no\" style=\"--more-btn-alignment:center;\"><div style=\"margin:-5px;--awb-bordersize:0px;\" class=\"fusion-gallery fusion-gallery-container fusion-grid-3 fusion-columns-total-5 fusion-gallery-layout-masonry fusion-gallery-1\"><div class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none fusion-grid-sizer\"><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none fusion-element-portrait\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery1.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><div style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery1.jpg);padding-top:calc((100% + 10px) * 1.6);background-position:;\" class=\"fusion-masonry-element-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery1.jpg\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1600\" alt=\"\" title=\"PCM-gallery1\" aria-label=\"PCM-gallery1\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-3052\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery1-200x320.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery1-400x640.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery1-600x960.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery1-800x1280.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 2200px) 100vw, (min-width: 784px) 397px, (min-width: 712px) 595px, (min-width: 640px) 712px, \" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none fusion-element-landscape\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery4.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><div style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery4.jpg);padding-top:calc((100% + 10px) * 0.4 - 5px);background-position:;\" class=\"fusion-masonry-element-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery4.jpg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"800\" alt=\"\" title=\"PCM-gallery4\" aria-label=\"PCM-gallery4\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-3055\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery4-200x100.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery4-400x200.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery4-600x300.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery4-800x400.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery4-1200x600.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery4.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 2200px) 100vw, (min-width: 640px) 1200px, \" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none fusion-element-grid\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery5.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><div style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery5.jpg);padding-top:calc((100% + 10px) * 0.8 - 5px);background-position:;\" class=\"fusion-masonry-element-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery5.jpg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" alt=\"\" title=\"PCM-gallery5\" aria-label=\"PCM-gallery5\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-3056\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery5-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery5-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery5-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery5-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery5-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery5.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 2200px) 100vw, (min-width: 784px) 397px, (min-width: 712px) 595px, (min-width: 640px) 712px, \" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none fusion-element-landscape\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery3.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><div style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery3.jpg);padding-top:calc((100% + 10px) * 0.4 - 5px);background-position:;\" class=\"fusion-masonry-element-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery3.jpg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"800\" alt=\"\" title=\"PCM-gallery3\" aria-label=\"PCM-gallery3\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-3054\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery3-200x100.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery3-400x200.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery3-600x300.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery3-800x400.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery3-1200x600.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery3.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 2200px) 100vw, (min-width: 640px) 1200px, \" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none fusion-element-portrait\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery2.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><div style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery2.jpg);padding-top:calc((100% + 10px) * 1.6);background-position:;\" class=\"fusion-masonry-element-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery2.jpg\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1600\" alt=\"\" title=\"PCM-gallery2\" aria-label=\"PCM-gallery2\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-3053\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery2-200x320.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery2-400x640.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery2-600x960.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery2-800x1280.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCM-gallery2.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 2200px) 100vw, (min-width: 784px) 397px, (min-width: 712px) 595px, (min-width: 640px) 712px, \" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-8 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:40px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-10 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;\">Average figures<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-counters-box counters-box row fusion-clearfix fusion-columns-6 databox\" style=\"--awb-body-size:14;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-title-size:35;--awb-icon-size:35;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><div class=\"fusion-counter-box fusion-column col-counter-box counter-box-wrapper col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"counter-box-container\"><div class=\"content-box-percentage content-box-counter\"><i class=\"counter-box-icon fontawesome-icon fa-users fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"display-counter\" data-value=\"16\" data-direction=\"up\" data-decimals=\"0\">0<\/span><\/div><div class=\"counter-box-content\">Permanent staff<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-counter-box fusion-column col-counter-box counter-box-wrapper col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"counter-box-container\"><div class=\"content-box-percentage content-box-counter\"><i class=\"counter-box-icon fontawesome-icon fa-user-friends fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"display-counter\" data-value=\"11\" data-direction=\"up\" data-decimals=\"0\">0<\/span><\/div><div class=\"counter-box-content\">Non-permanent staff <\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-counter-box fusion-column col-counter-box counter-box-wrapper col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"counter-box-container\"><div class=\"content-box-percentage content-box-counter\"><i class=\"counter-box-icon fontawesome-icon fa-file-signature fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"display-counter\" data-value=\"120\" data-direction=\"up\" data-decimals=\"0\">0<\/span><\/div><div class=\"counter-box-content\">Publications\/6 years<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-counter-box fusion-column col-counter-box counter-box-wrapper col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"counter-box-container\"><div class=\"content-box-percentage content-box-counter\"><i class=\"counter-box-icon fontawesome-icon fa-file-image fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"display-counter\" data-value=\"3\" data-direction=\"up\" data-decimals=\"0\">0<\/span><\/div><div class=\"counter-box-content\">Patents \/ 6 years<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-counter-box fusion-column col-counter-box counter-box-wrapper col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"counter-box-container\"><div class=\"content-box-percentage content-box-counter\"><i class=\"counter-box-icon fontawesome-icon fa-hands-helping fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"display-counter\" data-value=\"6\" data-direction=\"up\" data-decimals=\"0\">0<\/span><\/div><div class=\"counter-box-content\">Current contracts<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-counter-box fusion-column col-counter-box counter-box-wrapper col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"counter-box-container\"><div class=\"content-box-percentage content-box-counter\"><i class=\"counter-box-icon fontawesome-icon fa-bullhorn fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"display-counter\" data-value=\"11\" data-direction=\"up\" data-decimals=\"0\">0<\/span><\/div><div class=\"counter-box-content\">Conferences \/ year<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-9 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-margin-top:20px;--awb-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"300\" title=\"team-PCM\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/team-PCM.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-3051\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/team-PCM-200x60.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/team-PCM-400x120.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/team-PCM-600x180.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/team-PCM-800x240.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/team-PCM.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_2_5 2_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:4%;--awb-padding-right:4%;--awb-padding-bottom:4%;--awb-padding-left:4%;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-border-top:2px;--awb-border-right:2px;--awb-border-bottom:2px;--awb-border-left:2px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px;--awb-width-large:40%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.8%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.8%;--awb-width-medium:40%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:4.8%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:4.8%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Team manager: Mireille Richard-Plouet<br \/>\nDeputy team manager: Ahmed Rhallabi<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-11 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;\">Permanent staff<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/angleraud-benoit\/\"><strong>ANGLERAUD Beno\u00eet<\/strong><\/a> <em>(Ens.-Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/barbe-jeremy\/\"><strong>BARBE J\u00e9r\u00e9my<\/strong><\/a> <em>(Ens.-Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/besland-marie-paule\/\"><strong>BESLAND Marie-Paule<\/strong><\/a> <em>(Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>BRIEN Val\u00e9rie<\/strong> <em>(Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/cardinaud-christophe\/\"><strong>CARDINAUD Christophe<\/strong><\/a> <em>(Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/ettouri-rim\/\"><strong>ETTOURI Rim<\/strong><\/a> <em>(Ens.-Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-16 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/girard-aurelie\/\"><strong>GIRARD Aur\u00e9lie <\/strong><\/a><em>(Ens.-Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/goullet-antoine\/\"><strong>GOULLET Antoine <\/strong><\/a><em>(Ens.-Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/granier-agnes\/\"><strong>GRANIER Agn\u00e8s <\/strong><\/a><em>(Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/le-granvalet-maryline\/\"><strong>LE GRANVALET Maryline<\/strong> <\/a><em>(Ens.-Cherch.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/maheu-clement\/\"><strong>MAHEU Cl\u00e9ment <\/strong><\/a><em>(Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>MANNEQUIN C\u00e9dric<\/strong> <em>(Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-17 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\"><ul>\n<li><strong>PEIGNON-FERNANDEZ M-C.<\/strong> <em>(Ens-Ch.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/rhallabi-ahmed\/\"><strong>RHALLABI Ahmed <\/strong><\/a><em>(Ens.-Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/richard-plouet-mireille\/\"><strong>RICHARD-PLOUET Mireille<\/strong><\/a> <em>(Researcher)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>TESSIER Pierre-Yves<\/strong> (emeritus)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-18 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-12 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;\">Non-permanent<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-19 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/beji-hiba\/\"><strong>BEJI Hiba<\/strong><\/a><em> (Post-Doc)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>BELGHITI Mehdi<\/strong><em> (PhD student)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/boivin-dimitri\/\"><strong>BOIVIN Dimitri<\/strong><\/a><em> (Post-Doc)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/chartrain-coline\/\"><strong>CHARTRAIN Coline<\/strong><\/a><em> (PhD student)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-20 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\"><ul>\n<li><strong>HEKKING Sarah<\/strong><em> (PhD student)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>LE PAPE Thomas<\/strong><em> (PhD student)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>RAJ Ravi<\/strong><em> (Post-Doc)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>RASOANARIVO Tojo<\/strong><em> (PhD student)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-21 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/seigneur-leo\/\"><strong>SEIGNEUR L\u00e9o<\/strong><\/a> <em>(PhD student)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>TARIN Hamza<\/strong> <em>(PhD student)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/member\/toure-oumar\/\"><strong>TOURE Oumar<\/strong><\/a> <em>(PhD student)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3701,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3044","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3044"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5241,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3044\/revisions\/5241"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}